The V-beams are reinforced with steel, while the rest of the shell has only nominal reinforcing, not for added strength, but to address temperature effects and other properties of the concrete material that can cause cracking.Īt the supports, Candela anchored the V-beams into inverted umbrella footings, which cup the earth to prevent the shell from sinking into the soft Mexican soil. Structure and realisationĪs was his practice, at Xochimilco Candela used V-beams for groin stiffening, which was not visible, either from the inside or the outside, thus adding a bit of mystery to the educated observer of shell behavior. He had designed a few others before Xochimilco, but none so striking. The restaurant was not Candela's first groined vault. The groins are the valleys in the shell formed at the convergence of the intersecting hypars. Where the pavilion has two saddles, one in front of the other, the restaurant belongs to a type of shell structure called groined vaults. The Cosmic Ray Pavilion, Candela's first hypar shell, has curved edges just like those of the restaurant in Xochimilco. The groined vault consists of four intersecting hypars, a structure that he had not yet attempted. The form of the shell was a play of the hypar with free curved edges, that is, the edges of the shell are parabolic and free of any edge stiffeners that would conceal the thinness of the shell. Faber had made a rough sketch that somewhat resembled the final form of the restaurant Candela liked the idea, so he took it and redesigned it into a more graceful shape. Candela's stimulus for the form of Los Manantiales Restaurant in Xochimilco, Mexico City came from Colin Faber, who was working with Candela at Cubiertas Ala.
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